blend

This application is a translation of the Davinci script "blend" (Arizona State University, http://davinci.asu.edu) into Isis 3. The blending process itself takes a list of Level2 cubes and blends them together along their overlapping areas by creating a "ramp" from one image to the other.

The ramp-creation process creates a smooth, qualitative transition from one image to the other, and thus modifies pixel values in a manner that does not preserve the scientific integrity of the data. Only the pixel values of the overlapping area are changed, however. Consequently, this application is best suited to blend images that are similar in contrast and/or brightness. As part of the THEMIS mosaicking pipeline, it is customary to use the Isis 3 application "sigmastretch" (itself a translation of another Davinci script, "sstretch") to reduce and contrast differences between images.

In the "blend" script, each output pixel value is a weighted average of the pixel values taken from the two input images being examined at a time. The closer a pixel is to one image border over the other, the more heavily its value will be weighted in favor of that image.

The "closeness" of a pixel to one image versus another is determined by the aforementioned ramp. The ramp is a map of the overlapping area between two images, where every pixel position in the overlap maps to a value from 0.0 to 1.0. Here, a value of 1.0 means the pixel falls entirely within the first image, and a value of 0.0 means it falls entirely within the second image. Thus, a value of 0.5 would indicate the pixel is equidistant from the borders of the two images.

Once the ramp has been generated, each pixel in the overlap is given a new value by the formula:

        overlap[i] = ramp[i] * image_1[i] + (1.0 - ramp[i]) * image_2[i]
      

This program is conceptually similar to the Isis program "noseam", in that it takes a list of images and attempts to smooth out the boundaries between them. Unlike "noseam", however, "blend" does not perform the mosaicking as part of the blending routine.

The output of this application is a list of images, formatted for easy ingestion into additional Isis mosaicking tools (see "automos" and "mapmos"), where any overlaps between images will share the same pixel values.

Description

A list of map projected Level2 cubes to blend. The Mapping groups must match in order to sucessfully run this program.

Note that the order of the images in this list can have a significant impact on the output results. The order of blending will proceed in the order of the list, regardless of the actual spatial ordering (in planetary coordinates) of the images.

Each time an image is processed (from the top of the list to the bottom), it is blended with every image that came prior in the list, ensuring that every image gets blended once and only once with every other image. Since every blend of one image to another is a separate operation, pixels that overlap with more than two images can change depending on the order of the blend operations.

Description

This list of output files must contain a file name to correspond to each input file in the FROMLIST. Input files will be associated with output files by index, so that the blended product of the first file in the FROMLIST will be written to the name and location of the first file in the TOLIST, and so on. Each output file will be written to the exact location with the exact name specified, unless the location and name happen to be identical to those of its corresponding input file, in which case the program will terminate and generate an error message.

If this list is not specified, the output files will be placed in the directories of their input files, and the output filename will be a modification of the input filename with an added ".blend" extension (e.g. "foobar.cub" becomes "foobar.blend.cub").

Description

Defines how far from image boundaries the "blend ramp" will be calculated between two images. After moving "stop" steps from the image border, all remaining values in the ramp will be considered the same distance from the edge. By choosing a lower value, the algorithm will work much faster, but the ramp will also be much sharper and shorter.

The default value is a sufficiently large number so that the ramp-creation process will calculate distance values for the entire overlapping area for most images. A typical value for this parameter would be 100 for most THEMIS images, generally resulting in a smooth ramp indistinguishable from letting the distance calculation run to completion.

Description

Enabling this requires that every image overlap at least one other image. Otherwise, an error will be reported and the program will end.