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ISIS 3 Application Documentation


coreg

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Subpixel registration of a pair of images

Description
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Description

This program co-regsisters two images using an image-wide averaged sample/line translation with the TRANSLATE option or a set of variable sample/line translations with the WARP option. The program computes local translations spaced evenly throughout the image. The number and spacing of local translations is user defined. This allows for many output options including 1) directly creating the translated image, 2) creating a control network which can be used in other programs (e.g., translate, warp and qview-matchtool) or 3) creating a flat-field file usable in spreadsheets or plotting packages to visualize magnitude and direction of varying translations. For the TRANSLATE option, this implies that the internal geometry of both images be nearly the same so that the translation can be computed. That is, this program will not work if the translation varies significantly throughout the image. If condition of near constant translation is met then the translation can be computed to sub-pixel accuracy. If the internal geometry of both images do not match well, or a simple line/sample shift is not sufficient to register the images, the WARP option is a better choice than TRANSLATE because this uses the local translations to perform a rubber-sheet transformation. This option must be used with caution. It works very well with a well distributed collection of accurate control points across the image plane.

NOTE: While coreg uses a predefined autoreg parameter template, there are a variety of pattern matching algorithms and parameter settings that can be used to optimize the success and accuracy of the co-registration attempt with the control point measures. It is recommended that you review the Pattern Matching page from the "Related Objects and Documents" section below. It is essential for using this application to understand how to create a "registration template" file and how to size your search and pattern chips. We will continue with the discussion of functionality of this program assuming the reader has a fundamental knowledge of Automatic Registration. The user can also refer to the autoregtemplate application that offers a gui interface for creating an autoreg template file. Below we give an example of an autoreg parameter template file (DEFFILE):

      Object = AutoRegistration
        Group = Algorithm
          Name         = MaximumCorrelation
          Tolerance    = 0.7
        EndGroup

        Group = PatternChip
          Samples = 20
          Lines   = 20
          ValidMinimum = 1400
          ValidPercent = 75
        EndGroup

        Group = SearchChip
          Samples = 90
          Lines   = 90
          ValidMinimum = 1400
          ValidPercent = 75
        EndGroup
      EndObject
    

For further discussion of the parameters used in this DEFFILE, see the Pattern Matching document. Briefly, the example DEFFILE will allow a successful registration only where the MaximumCorrelation algorithm's goodness-of-fit result is >=0.7, pixel value is >1400, and at least 75% of the pixels in both the PatternChip or the SearchChip are valid pixels.

This program requires two input cubes, one which will be translated (FROM) and the other is held fixed (MATCH). The images must have the same number of samples and lines and can have only one band (use cube attributes to extract a single band if necessary). A grid will be defined across the held image using either the user parameters, ROWS and COLUMNS, or calculated based on the image size and the search chip size as follows: COLUMNS = (image samples - 1) / search chip samples + 1, and similarly for ROWS. Conceptually, the sparse grid defined by ROWS and COLUMNS will be laid on top of both images with even spacing between the rows (or columns) and but no row will touch the top or bottom of the image. That is, the grid is internal to the image.

At each grid intersection, the local translation will be computed. This is done by centering the search chip at the grid intersection for the image to be translated (FROM) and centering the pattern chip at the grid intersection for the held image (MATCH). The pattern chip is walked through the search chip to find the best registration (if any). Again, see the Pattern Matching document for further details. The local translation is recorded at all grid intersections that had a successful registration. The results are written to a control network and/or flat-file if requested. The average of the local translations is then used to compute an overall sub-pixel translation which can be applied to the FROM image and written as the output image (TO).

Some tips to improve odds of a successful registration are provided. In general a small pattern chip size makes registration more difficult. Depending on your dataset, 20x20 is probably a good starting point. The larger the translation, the larger the search chip size will need to be; if your translation is only a couple of pixels, you should make the search chip only slightly larger than the pattern (e.g., 25x25 vs 20x20). However if the translation is large you will need to expand the search area. For example, if the translation is roughly 45 pixels and your pattern is 20x20 the search area should be, roughly, 20+2*45 or 110x110.

The output control point network file (ONET) can be visually overlayed on the the displayed input images using the qview-MatchTool. The qview image display application will allow you to evaluate and interactively edit the network within the MatchTool.


Categories


Related Applications to Previous Versions of ISIS

This program replaces the following applications existing in previous versions of ISIS:

Related Objects and Documents

Applications

Documents


Parameter Groups

Input Files

Name Description
FROM Input Image to be Translated
MATCH The input image which will be held as the Reference.
DEFFILE The Auto Registration template

Output Cube

Name Description
TO Output Cube
TRANSFORM Tranformation Type
DEGREE Degree for Warp Transformation
INTERP Interpolation used for transformation

ControlNetOptions

Name Description
ONET Pvl file of ControlNet
FLATFILE Text file of coreg data
ROWS Number of Rows of Points to use.
COLUMNS Number of Columns of Points to use.

Input Files: FROM

Description

This cube will be translated to register to the MATCH (reference) cube.

Type cube
File Mode input
Filter *.cub

Input Files: MATCH

Description

This cube will be held as the reference and the FROM cube will be translated to match this cube. The sample/line measurements recorded from this image are basically the defined output coordinates that the FROM image will be mapped to.

Type cube
File Mode input
Filter *.cub

Input Files: DEFFILE

Description

The parameter template to use for the Autoregistration functionality. The default template calls the Maximum Correlation pattern matching algorithm with predefined parameter values. There are other templates available in the system autoreg/template directory. Also, the user can use the 'autoregtemplate' application to create a new template file.

Type filename
File Mode input
Default Path $base/templates/autoreg
Default $base/templates/autoreg/coreg.maxcor.p2020.s5050.def
Filter *.def

Output Cube: TO

Description

Output cube containing the translated or warped data.

Type cube
File Mode output
Internal Default None
Filter *.cub

Output Cube: TRANSFORM

Description

The tranformation type to use on the output file. The options are TRANSLATE or WARP. If WARP is selected, the ONET and DEGREE parameters are required. Defaults to TRANSLATE.

Type string
Default TRANSLATE
Option List:
Option Brief Description
TRANSLATE Output Translated Image Runs the translate application on the input file to create the output file.

Exclusions

  • DEGREE
WARP Output Warped Image Runs the warp application on the input file to create the output file. If this option is selected, the ONET and DEGREE parameters must also be entered.

Output Cube: DEGREE

Description

The degree to be used in the warp transformation for the linear regression model. Defaults to 1.

Type integer
Default 1

Output Cube: INTERP

Description

This will be the interpolation type used to generate the output file in either the translate or warp application. Defaults to NEARESTNEIGHBOR.

Type string
Default CUBICCONVOLUTION
Option List:
Option Brief Description
NEARESTNEIGHBOR Nearest Neighbor Interpolation Nearest Neighbor Interpolation will be used in the transformation to create the output file.
BILINEAR Bilinear Interpolation Bilinear Interpolation will be used in the transformation to create the output file.
CUBICCONVOLUTION Cubic Convolution Interpolation Cubic Convolution Interpolation will be used in the tranformation to create the output file.

ControlNetOptions: ONET

Description

This file will contain the Control Point network results of coreg in a binary format. This is required if the WARP option is selected for the output file. The resulting control points in this file can be viewed using the qview-MatchTool. If the coregistration fails between any measures, the points and measures remain in this output file with a flag called Ignore=True.

Type filename
File Mode output
Internal Default None
Filter *.net *.txt

ControlNetOptions: FLATFILE

Description

This file will contain the Control Point network results of coreg in a readable format. The control point information will be comma separated and contain the sample, line positions in the first input (FROM) cube, the sample, line position found in the search (MATCH) reference cube, and the sample difference and line difference between the two. This output file will only contain the points and measures that resulted in a successful registration.

Type filename
File Mode output
Internal Default None
Filter *.txt *.lis *.lst

ControlNetOptions: ROWS

Description

The number of rows of points to establish in the coreg process. If not entered, it will default to ROWS = (image lines - 1) / search chip lines + 1.

Type integer
Internal Default Automatic
Minimum 1 (inclusive)

ControlNetOptions: COLUMNS

Description

The number of columns of points to establish in the coreg process. If not entered, it will default to COLUMNS = (image samples - 1) / search chip samples + 1.

Type integer
Internal Default Automatic
Minimum 1 (inclusive)

Examples


Example 1

Coregistration of 2 Images

Description

This example shows the coreg application. The rows and columns parameters are left as default.
Sample,Line,TranslatedSample,TranslatedLine,SampleDifference,LineDifference,GoodnessOfFit
211.875,164.283,200,133,-11.8751,-31.2829,0.991597
211.766,429.437,200,398,-11.7661,-31.4369,0.995987
        
The above text file is the ffile.txt file created when coreg is ran. The flat file is comma seperated and can easily be imported into excel.

Command Line

coreg from=./lunar1.cub match=./lunar2.cub t=out.cub flatfile=ffile.txt
Just run coreg on 2 images.

Input Images

First Input image

First Input image for coreg

Parameter Name: FROM

This is the 800 by 800 input image to be translated for the coreg example.

Second Input image

Second Input image for coreg

Parameter Name: MATCH

This is the 800 by 800 input image to be held for the coreg example.

Output Image

Output image showing results of the coreg application.

Output image for coreg

Parameter Name: TO

This is the 800 by 800 output image that results.


History

Kris Becker2000-08-07 Original Version.
Elizabeth Ribelin2005-08-25 Ported to Isis3.0.
Elizabeth Miller2005-10-14 Added warp option and fixed bug in control net creation.
Elizabeth Miller2006-03-23 Fixed appTest.
Jacob Danton2006-01-06 Fixed appTest to comply with changes made to the ControlMeasure class.
Jacob Danton2006-04-05 Added error reporting when the registration was a failure.
Kris Becker2006-06-15 Set the MATCH file as the reference image so it can be used in subsequent processing. Implemented use of unique serial numbers for each image. Issues still remain with handling band-to-band registrations within files. One alternative is to extract bands to separate files as a fallback approach is to use filenames as the serial number. This solution/alterntive is unique to coreg, however.
Brendan George2006-10-02 Modified call for current time to point to Time class, instead of Application class.
Brendan George2006-12-08 Modified to reflect changes to the SerialNumber class.
Steven Lambright2008-06-23 Updated to properly check AutoReg::Register()'s return status.
Noah Hilt2008-08-13 Added two new optional arguments to AutoReg: WindowSize and DistanceTolerance. These two arguments affect how AutoReg gathers and compares data for surface modeling and accuracy. Added more statistics to the Translation group, including min/max and standard deviation of line/sample changes. Added the AutoReg statistics to be displayed as well.
Travis Addair2009-08-10 Auto registration parameters are now placed into the print file.
Eric Hyer2010-02-09 Auto registration parameters now placed into the print file before potential throwing of exceptions.
Janet Barrett2010-07-30 Changed REGDEF parameter name to DEFFILE. Changed CNETFILE parameter name to ONET.
Debbie A. Cook and Tracie Sucharski2011-06-07 Changed point types "Ground" to "Fixed" and "Tie" to "Free".
Kris Becker2011-09-26 Corrected parameter change to warp application (CONTROL is now CNET); added application test for parameter changes.
Kris Becker2011-10-07 The documentation has been updated with review and contributions from Ella Lee, Chris Isbell and Moses Millazzo.
Travis Addair2012-01-26 Added back GoodnessOfFit to Control Network and flatfile, mistakenly removed during binary Control Network conversion.
Tracie Sucharski2012-08-02 Set networkId to Coreg in the output control network.
Tammy Becker2012-08-09 Modified the documentation a bit and informed the user of the new qview-MatchTool that will now display the output network.
Kimberly Oyama2013-12-30 Replaced the spaces in the point ID with underscores. References #1551.
Jeannie Backer2016-04-22 Modified to use the FROM cube labels to set target instead of the TargetName. Updated the truth data for the cnet test. Added notarget test. References #3892